Euphorbia Growth and Care Guide

Discover the Best Guide for Growing Euphorbia. Also known as Spurge, this diverse genus is valued for its architectural form, striking foliage, and long-lasting blooms. From the chartreuse bracts of perennial Euphorbia martinii to the airy mounds of annual Euphorbia Diamond Frost, this plant adds bold texture and season-long interest. Looking to add unique textures and low-maintenance beauty to your garden? 

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By: Reggie Meehan (8/18/25)

Introduction to Euphorbia (Spurge)

Euphorbia, commonly known as Spurge, is a remarkably diverse genus in the Euphorbiaceae family, encompassing over 2,000 species that range from herbaceous plants and shrubs to succulents and cacti-like forms. Native to various climates across the globe, from the Mediterranean to tropical and arid regions, Euphorbia has something to offer every gardener.  Its signature milky sap, known as latex, serves as both a natural defense mechanism and a distinguishing characteristic, adding to the plant's unique allure.

Well known varieties like Euphorbia Milii (Crown of Thorns), Euphorbia Tirucalli (Fire Sticks) and the most widely known variety, Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettias), show the diversity of this family of plants. For purposes of this summary, however, this guide will cover Garden Center varieties of outdoor perennials and outdoor annual hypericifolia Euphorbia.

This adaptable family of plants is prized for its striking appearance, drought tolerance, and versatility in diverse landscapes. Whether enhancing a dry garden with their sculptural silhouettes or adding texture and intrigue to container displays, Euphorbias continue to captivate gardeners with their unparalleled variety and resilience.

Sun, shade, wet or dry, perennial Euphorbia performs better than ANY perennial upright plant in my garden. And, it is an evergreen in Zone 7 and above. Perennial euphorbias have been part of my gardens for decades. Comparably, I also incorporate the airy white annual Euphorbia in my plantings every year to enhance and transition from dark colors. Euphorbia, both perennial and annual, is the most versatile, drought-tolerant plant available at Garden Centers today.

On a side note, Euphorbia is very rarely referred to as Spurge these days, as most people equate the term “spurge” to a common weed troubling gardens throughout the United States. In sum, watch your tongue and give Euphorbia (not Spurge) the respect it deserves.

Characteristics of Euphorbia (Spurge)

Euphorbia is a remarkably diverse genus known for its distinctive foliage, unusual flowers, and ability to thrive in a wide range of environments. Its striking bracts, structural forms, and resilience make it a versatile plant for gardens, containers, and indoor spaces. Whether you're drawn to its colorful accents or its unique textures, Euphorbia adds interest to any landscape design.

In the last two decades, the airy white Euphorbia hypericifolia has become the most popular filler plant in annual containers. Diamond Frost Euphorbia, introduced in 2007 by Proven Winners, spawned a turning point in annual design aesthetics. Currently, there are between 10 and 20 different varieties of Euphorbia hypericifolia/graminea, with airy white bracts on upright stems, and the industry continues to refine these plants with blush and pink colors, as well as double flowering, compact, and more prostrate varieties.

Size and Growth Habit

Perennial Euphorbia species vary widely in size, ranging from 12 to 36 inches in height, offering options for virtually any garden setting. Most tend to be compact mounding in form, though without pinching, varieties such as Ascot Rainbow Euphorbia tend to be more upright. Varieties such as Bonfire tend to trail. And, the compact Tiny Tim Euphorbia can act as a ground cover.

Annual Euphorbia hypericifolia (and graminea) tend to be compact mounded varieties. They range in size from 8-30 inches. Some varieties such as Diwali Shower are more prostrate at 8-10” height and 14” spread, thus spilling over the edges of containers. 

Leaves and Flowers

The foliage of Euphorbia is as varied as its growth habits, ranging from narrow, needle-like leaves to thin, boldly colored or variegated ones. Annual Euphorbia leaves are barely noticeable thin green leaves though some new varieties have pinkish textured leaves to add color variety. The flowers of annual Euphorbia will bloom all season and are self-cleaning. Most annual euphorbia are airy white blooms though several new cultivars have blush pink and medium pink blooms.

Perennial varieties sport a variety of color choices in foliage including variegated greens/yellows/chartreuses, burgundy, reddish orange, gray green, blue green, and splashes of cream, pink. Perennial euphorbia provides colorful bracts that are the real show-stoppers, creating the illusion of bold blooms. Depending on the species, bracts come in shades of green, chartreuse, yellow, pink, red, and even bronze, adding long-lasting color to garden beds and containers throughout the growing season. The flowers of perennial Euphorbia are long, long lasting from spring to mid-summer. However, they make great cut flowers as well.

Is Euphorbia Annual or Perennial?

It depends on the species and the zone as to whether the Euphorbia is annual or perennial. The Euphorbia hypericifolia (graminea) species are annuals in Zones 5-9 though they may bloom year round in warmer climates where there is no freeze.

Most perennial Euphorbia species are hardy perennials, thriving in USDA Zones 5–10, though this depends on the variety. In Zones 7-10, most perennial Euphorbia are evergreen, with some exceptions such as Cushion Spurge (i.e., Bonfire & Polychroma) which return reliably year after year.

Best Varieties of Euphorbia (Spurge) TESTED

Here are some of the most stunning Euphorbia varieties for gardens and containers:

Best Variety #1: Euphorbia Ascot Rainbow

Although Ascot Rainbow has no trial data to back up its selection as number 1, it is by the far the most searched variety on the internet, 3x more in fact. But, what makes this variant special is by far the coloration. This perennial forms a profusion of upright stems adorned with vivid chartreuse bracts that cradle a tiny burgundy-red central bloom. Its variegated leaves—green edged in chartreuse—unfurl with pinkish-red tips that intensify in color in cooler temperatures, while the stems themselves echo the flower’s hue in rich burgundy tones

Given that it is an evergreen perennial through Zone 7, can be placed in sun or shade, will endure wet and dry conditions, and has an amazing cut flower, this plant deserves the #1 spot.

Best Variety #2: Euphorbia hypericifolia Diamond Frost

The introduction of Diamond Frost Euphorbia by Proven Winners circa 2007 changed the way mixed containers were designed. Although there are no trial rankings, its popularity is proven as it is the second most searched Euphorbia name behind #1 Ascot Rainbow. 

Because of its introduction and success almost 20 years ago, nearly every plant breeder now has some form of Euphorbia hypericifolia (or graminea), and the varieties are expanding every year. 

Best Variety #3: Other Perennial Euphorbias

So, unlike our usual approach in selecting one variety or a series, we’ve decided to just put it out there – All the perennial varieties are considered the 3rd best choice. They are stunning, they are hardy and we consider them the most versatile perennial on the planet Earth.The list that follows is not exhaustive, as there are other perennial varieties out there. However, this list comprises those perennial varieties most likely to be found in local garden centers:

  • Blackbird

  • Bonfire

  • Glacier Blue

  • Miner's Merlot

  • Ruby Glow

  • Tasmanian Tiger

  • Tiny Tim 

Best Variety #4: Other Annual Euphorbias (Hypericifolia & Graminea)

Unless you are an expert on annual white flowering Euphorbia, you will be unable to tell the variety without looking at the tag. Most annual Euphorbia species have been around for 10+ years so most don’t have trial data. In recent test trials, the following received ratings of 4.8-5.0: 

  • Starblast Snowdrift (5.0, Raker 2018)

  • Starblast Softpink (5.0, Raker 2020)

  • Diamond Mountain (4.8, Raker 2018)

  • Glamour (5.0, Raker 2019)

  • Diamond Snow (5.0, Raker 2019)

  • Starblast White (5.0, Raker 2020)

  • Star Dust Super Flash (4.83, Penn State 2023)

  • Starpleasure Frost (4.83, Penn State 2023)


Yet, there are no standouts that show that one is any better than the other. When planted, watered and fertilized appropriately, no variety outperforms the other. Yes, some varieties are more prostrate and have a slight trail. Others have double blooms and are more condensed white. Some are taller and some are shorter. And, yes, there are pink ones now. But, there are really no standouts in annual Euphorbia, even the #2 most popular variety, Diamond Frost– apologies Proven Winners.

Please remember that the gorgeous soft white airy Euphorbia is the number one filler plant used in mixed containers today… it makes you wonder what we did before annual Euphorbia came around. But, when people go shopping for annual Euphorbia to fill their containers, it is a rare instance when they ask for a specific cultivar. To them, all annual Euphorbia is the same. 

Note that when advancements finally result in a true trailing variety or a colorful bract that turns heads, then we’ll revise but until then, all annual Euphorbia varieties are deserving of the “Best Variety” ranking – Apologies plant breeders.

How to Grow & Care for Euphorbia (Spurge)

Euphorbia is a versatile and low-maintenance plant that thrives in a wide range of conditions. With its adaptability and striking features, it’s a favorite for gardeners looking for beauty and ease of care. Follow these guidelines to keep your Euphorbia healthy and thriving.

Planting

Euphorbia should be planted in spring (annual & perennial) or early fall (perennial) in well-draining soil to give the roots time to establish. Select a sunny to partially shaded location, as most Euphorbia species perform best in bright light. Space smaller varieties 12–18 inches apart, while larger species need up to 24 inches to spread comfortably. For container planting or in clay soil, consider using a soil mix with succulent potting mix added to ensure adequate drainage.

Sunlight Requirements

Most Euphorbia species thrive in full sun, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight daily to maintain vibrant foliage and colorful bracts. Most annual Euphorbia will tolerate part sun, but may be more leggy and less floriferous in a more shaded location. 

Perennial Euphorbia can tolerate part and full shade. Foliage colors will be less vibrant and they may be more leggy, which may require more pruning to keep the plant bushy. However, even in the full shade, spring blooms of perennial Euphorbia are still plentiful and colorful. 

Soil Requirements

Euphorbia prefers well-draining soil with a sandy or gritty texture, which mimics its natural habitat. A neutral to slightly alkaline soil pH (6.5–7.5) is ideal, though most species are adaptable. Avoid heavy clay soils that retain moisture, as these can lead to root rot, which is a common issue for Euphorbia. Incorporate soil amendments in heavy clay soil to 6-8 inches depth to address drainage problems.

Watering Needs

Water Euphorbia deeply but sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between watering sessions. Once established, these plants are drought-tolerant and need minimal supplemental water. Container-grown Euphorbia, however, may require more frequent watering during hot weather, as pots/containers tend to dry out quickly.

Fertilizer Needs

For perennial Euphorbia, a single application of balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring is usually sufficient to support growth. Annual Euphorbia may benefit from monthly feedings with a water-soluble fertilizer during the growing season to replenish nutrients. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms, so moderation is key.

Pruning & Maintenance

For annual Euphorbia, pinching is not necessary. It will self branch without assistance. Prune if necessary to remove damaged stems or for uniformity.  

For perennial Euphorbia, pinch new plants to promote branching. For established plants, in the spring after blooms are spent, prune to encourage branching. Or better yet, remove blooms to enjoy indoors in vases. By pruning in late spring, you may find your plant blooming again in the fall. 

When handling Euphorbia, wear gloves, as its sap can irritate the skin and cause allergic reactions. 

Overwintering

In colder climates, tender Euphorbia species should be brought indoors before the first frost and placed in a bright, sunny location. Perennial in-ground varieties can survive winter in snowy zones with added protection, such as a layer of mulch to insulate the roots. Don’t forget that many perennial Euphorbia varieties will be evergreen in Zones 7-10. 

Proper winter care ensures Euphorbia returns vibrant and healthy the following growing season.

Common Pests

While generally resilient, Euphorbia can occasionally attract pests, the most common of which is mealybugs on perennial Euphorbia. Regular inspection and prompt treatment for mealybugs with Acephate will eradicate the beast.

Common Diseases

Root rot is a frequent issue when Euphorbia is overwatered or planted in poorly draining soil. Powdery mildew may also occur in humid conditions, particularly in areas with insufficient airflow. Address these problems by improving soil drainage and maintaining proper watering practices.

Common Mistakes

Overwatering is a significant mistake that often leads to root rot, one of the primary causes of Euphorbia failure. Planting in heavy shade can also diminish the vibrancy of the foliage and reduce flowering. Additionally, neglecting to wear gloves when handling Euphorbia can lead to skin irritation from its sap, which is a natural defense mechanism.

Common Misconceptions

A common misconception is that Euphorbia is exclusively a succulent, but the genus includes both succulent and non-succulent varieties. Another myth is that all spurges are invasive; while some species can spread aggressively, the commonly found varieties in garden centers are well-behaved garden plants. Lastly, while Euphorbia’s flowers are small and understated, there are colorful bracts that surround them that provide a long-lasting display of color.

Using Euphorbia in the Garden

Euphorbia, or Spurge, is a versatile plant that can enhance the aesthetic and functionality of various garden styles. Its diverse forms and unique textures make it a standout choice for both ornamental and practical landscaping needs.

Borders and Rock Gardens

Compact perennial varieties such as Tiny Tim are excellent for creating defined edges along pathways. For garden borders, the perennial evergreen varieties with their mounding growth habit and vibrant bracts add structure and color to gardens, providing a perfect backdrop for other annual and perennial plants. These perennial evergreen plants thrive in sun or shade, and their low-maintenance nature ensures they stay attractive year-round with minimal effort.

The gorgeous airy white bracts of annual Euphorbia can also be woven into gardens as a hedge or border. The white blooms provide a perfect spacer between darker colors, or transitions to prevent similar colors from conflicting.

Containers and Indoor Plants

Annual Euphorbia have changed the container gardening market. They are the most used filler of any plant species. They are perfect for container gardening, where their delicate textures and blooms add elegance to patios, balconies, and indoor spaces. Annual Euphorbia provides a soft, cloud-like effect when paired with brightly colored flowers in mixed arrangements. Annual Euphorbia can also be used indoors, where they require bright light and minimal watering, making them an excellent choice for busy gardeners.

Euphorbia Adds Texture and Drama

Looking to add bold texture and low-maintenance structure to your garden? Here at Garden Delivery, we offer a curated selection of Euphorbia plants, grown from exceptional stock and selected for their resilience and ornamental value. Known for their unique architectural form, milky sap, and colorful bracts, Euphorbias are drought-tolerant, deer-resistant, and thrive in a wide range of garden conditions. Whether you're planting 'Ascot Rainbow' for vibrant foliage or 'Diamond Frost' for its cloud-like blooms, we're here to provide you with detailed plant information and performance insights to help you choose confidently. Bring home the beauty and versatility of Euphorbia and enjoy a garden that stands out in every season.