Coleus Growth and Care Guide

Coleus is a vibrant, low-maintenance plant loved for its bold foliage. With leaves available in striking combinations of red, green, yellow, pink, burgundy, and even near-black, Coleus offers season-long color that rivals flowering plants.

In this Plant Guide, you’ll learn everything from planting and sunlight needs to pruning, propagation, and troubleshooting, so your Coleus grows healthy and colorful all season long.

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By: Reggie Meehan (12/12/24) - Last Updated (01/15/2026)

Introduction to Coleus

Coleus, scientifically known as Coleus scutellarioides, is a highly versatile plant prized for its vibrant, eye-catching foliage rather than its flowers. A member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and native to Southeast Asia, Coleus boasts an extraordinary range of leaf shapes, sizes, and colors, from deep burgundy and fiery red to lime green, golden yellow, and even near-black hues. Its dynamic foliage and ability to perform Indoors as a Houseplant further cement its reputation as one of the most valuable and visually striking plants for gardeners seeking bold color and texture in their landscapes.

My introduction to Coleus came when my mother planted Coleus as a shaded border and I scoffed, “Why plant Coleus.. it doesn’t even flower.” Time and experience have since shifted that perspective. Today, I recognize Coleus as one of the most versatile and indispensable plants in the landscape. Its vibrant foliage, adaptability to both sun and shade, and suitability for use in pots, borders, and hanging baskets have earned it a prominent place in my gardens.

Characteristics of Coleus

Coleus is celebrated for its vibrant foliage and its ability to thrive in diverse environments, Coleus performs exceptionally well in shaded areas, sunny garden beds, and even indoor containers. Its vivid foliage, available in rich burgundies, bright yellows, lush greens, and striking pinks, allows it to complement a variety of garden styles. Unlike flowering plants that have limited bloom periods, Coleus provides continuous, season-long color, making it a dependable choice for creating bold, dynamic displays in the landscape.

Size and Growth Habit

Coleus comes in an exceptionally wide range of sizes, allowing it to fit almost any planting situation. Compact and trailing varieties can stay as small as 6 to 8 inches tall, making them ideal for edging, hanging baskets, and mixed containers where controlled growth is important. On the other end of the spectrum, upright and bushy cultivars can reach 24 to 36 inches in height, providing substantial presence in garden beds and larger containers.

In terms of growth habit, Coleus is known for its fast, vigorous growth and strong branching. Many modern varieties are bred to naturally form dense, well-shaped plants without the need for frequent pinching, while others can be lightly pruned to encourage even fuller growth. Upright types excel as focal plants or mid-border anchors, while trailing and spreading selections spill gracefully over container edges or soften hard lines in the landscape.

Leaves and Flowers

The most striking feature of Coleus is its foliage, which comes in an impressive array of shapes, sizes, and patterns. Leaves may be broad and oval, delicately lobed, or intricately frilled, often with serrated edges that add visual interest. The color palette is equally diverse, featuring solid hues like lime green and deep purple as well as multicolored combinations with fiery reds, gold-edged leaves, and pink-centered varieties framed by dark margins.

Although Coleus produces small, tubular flowers on upright spikes, the blooms are generally considered insignificant compared to its foliage. In fact, many gardeners choose to remove the flower spikes as they appear, which prevents self-seeding and directs the plant’s energy toward developing more vibrant, lush foliage. Recent breeding efforts have focused on delaying the plant's flowering phase to keep attention on its foliage for a longer period during the growing season. Check out our article on Letting Coleus Bloom or Not for more information.

Is Coleus Annual or Perennial?

Coleus is classified as a tender perennial, capable of surviving for multiple years in USDA Hardiness Zones 10–11. However, in most climates, it is grown as an annual since it cannot withstand frost and will die back as temperatures drop. Gardeners in cooler zones typically replant it each spring once the threat of frost has passed. Despite its sensitivity to cold, Coleus’s adaptability extends to indoor growing. By bringing plants indoors before the first frost, gardeners can continue to enjoy its colorful foliage year-round as a houseplant.

Best Varieties of Coleus

These top selections have proven their value in both garden beds and container plantings, each offering unique characteristics that make them stand out among the rest.

Volcanica™ Wasabi

A standout Coleus variety known for its vivid chartreuse leaves with serrated edges, Volcanica™ Wasabi brings a pop of brightness to any garden. This Ball Horticulture patented variety (PP23585 UF0843) reaches heights of 18-36 inches, making it a commanding presence as a border plant. For those seeking a similar look in a more compact form, 'Gold Lace' is a non-patented alternative with the same bold color but a softer serration and a shorter height of 15-24 inches. Both thrive in sun or shade, offering unmatched versatility for those seeking bright, fresh greens in their garden design.

Meandering Linda (aka Trailing Plum)

This Coleus variety is known by several names, but regardless of what it’s called, its beauty is undeniable. We carry the unpatented variety, Meandering Linda, which is nearly indistinguishable from the patented 'Trailing Plum. This compact Coleus remains under 15 inches in height, with trailing, prostrate growth that makes it ideal for container edges or hanging baskets. Its foliage features small half-inch leaves with pink margins and dark centers in hues of black, burgundy, or chocolate brown. The color contrast is striking, and its low, spreading habit adds vibrant color to small spaces.

Mainstreet Beale Street

The first Coleus to receive the prestigious All-America Selection (AAS) award, Mainstreet Beale Street is a game-changer for those who love rich, deep red foliage. One of the biggest challenges with red Coleus varieties is color retention throughout the season, but this Dummen Orange patented variety (UF17-64-1) delivers consistent, bold color from spring to fall. Its upright growth habit reaches heights of 24-30 inches, making it a showpiece in garden beds or large containers. Sun or shade, this variety holds its color all season, bringing warmth and richness to any garden design.

Down Town® Series

Pineapple

For gardeners seeking a brilliant yellow Coleus that pairs beautifully with deep reds, 'Pineapple' is an essential addition. This non-patented variety boasts consistent golden-yellow foliage that remains vibrant in both sun and shade. Its tall, upright growth habit can reach up to 36 inches, making it an ideal backdrop or anchor plant for mixed borders. Its ability to maintain strong color and form throughout the growing season has made it a staple in gardens seeking bold, contrasting color schemes. Pair 'Pineapple' with 'Mainstreet Beale Street' for a stunning combination.

FlameThrower™ Series

How to Grow and Care for Coleus

When provided with the right growing conditions, Coleus produces vibrant foliage throughout the growing season. Follow these care guidelines to ensure your plants thrive.

Planting Coleus

Plant Coleus in the Spring after the danger of frost has passed. Choose a location with well-draining soil and light conditions appropriate for the variety you’re growing—shade-loving types thrive in partial to full shade, while sun-tolerant varieties, like the ColorBlaze series, can handle more sunlight. Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart in garden beds to promote good airflow and reduce the risk of disease. For container planting, use a lightweight, well-draining potting mix, and ensure the container has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.

Sunlight Requirements

Coleus varieties differ in their light needs. Shade-loving varieties require protection from intense afternoon sun, which can scorch leaves and dull their vibrant color. Sun-tolerant varieties are bred to withstand full sun but can still perform well in partial shade. For best results, place Coleus where its light requirements match the variety's needs, ensuring it maintains its vivid color throughout the growing season.

Soil Requirements

Coleus thrives in light, well-draining soil enriched with organic matter such as compost or aged manure. Ideal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 7.5, with slightly acidic to neutral conditions being most beneficial. If working with heavy or clay-based soil, amend it with compost or sand to improve drainage and texture, preventing root rot caused by poor drainage. Healthy soil conditions are essential for lush foliage and vibrant color.

Watering Needs

Consistent moisture is crucial for Coleus, but overwatering should be avoided. Water deeply whenever the top inch of soil feels dry, ensuring moisture reaches the root zone. In containers, soil tends to dry out faster, so monitor moisture levels frequently, especially during hot weather. Avoid overhead watering, which can damage leaves and encourage fungal issues. Water at the base of the plant to maintain dry foliage and reduce the risk of disease.

Fertilizer Needs

A steady supply of nutrients supports healthy foliage and vibrant color in Coleus. At planting time, incorporate a balanced, slow-release fertilizer into the soil. Throughout the growing season, apply a water-soluble fertilizer monthly to promote growth and maintain the plant’s vivid color. Avoid over-fertilization, as too much nitrogen can cause leggy growth, detracting from the plant’s compact, bushy appearance.

Pruning & Maintenance

Routine pruning keeps Coleus plants full and healthy. Pinch back stems frequently to encourage branching and create a denser, bushier plant. Remove flower spikes as they appear to redirect the plant’s energy into foliage production. Trim off any damaged or yellowing leaves to maintain a clean, attractive appearance and reduce the risk of disease. Regular maintenance will keep your Coleus looking vibrant and robust all season long.

Overwintering

In regions with frost, Coleus is typically grown as an annual. However, it can be overwintered indoors to enjoy year-round color. Before the first frost, bring container-grown Coleus indoors and place it in a well-lit area with bright, indirect light. Cut back leggy growth and reduce watering to prevent root rot. Non-patented Coleus varieties can be propagated from cuttings in late summer, allowing you to maintain your collection of plants year after year.

Common Pests

While Coleus is generally pest-resistant, mealybugs can present a challenge. These pests are difficult to eradicate and require targeted treatment. Acephate is the most effective option for eliminating mealybugs, though neem oil can provide some control if applied repeatedly. Thorough coverage, especially on the undersides of leaves, is essential for effective treatment. For more information, check out our article on Common Coleus Problems & Solutions.

Common Diseases

Diseases are uncommon in Coleus when proper spacing, watering, and airflow are maintained. However, overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot or fungal issues. Proper planting techniques, along with monitoring soil moisture, significantly reduce the risk of disease.

Common Mistakes

1. Overwatering
   Overwatering is one of the most common mistakes in Coleus care. Excess moisture can cause root rot, especially in compacted soil or containers with poor drainage. Always check soil moisture before watering and ensure the soil drains well to maintain healthy roots.
2. Improper Light Conditions
   Planting shade-loving Coleus varieties in full sun can scorch their leaves and dull their foliage colors, while placing sun-tolerant varieties in excessive shade can cause their vibrant colors to fade, resulting in dull or muted foliage. To maintain healthy, colorful foliage, select the appropriate variety for your garden’s light conditions and provide the right balance of sun and shade.
3. Failing to Pinch Back Stems
   Neglecting to pinch back stems leads to leggy, sparse growth, reducing the plant’s visual appeal. Regularly pinching the growing tips encourages fuller, bushier growth and promotes vibrant, lush foliage. Pruning also prevents the plant from becoming too tall and unruly, ensuring it maintains a neat, compact form throughout the growing season.

Common Misconceptions

1. Coleus Can Only Be Grown in Shade
   While it’s true that some Coleus varieties prefer shade, many modern sun-tolerant varieties thrive in full sun. These sun-tolerant varieties have been specially bred to withstand higher light levels, offering gardeners more flexibility in where they can be planted.
2. "Sun Coleus" Can Only Grow in Sun
   Despite the name, "Sun Coleus" is not limited to full sun. These varieties can perform just as well in partial shade, making them a versatile option for both sunny and shaded garden spaces. Their adaptability to varied light conditions increases their usefulness in diverse garden designs.
3. Coleus Is Difficult to Propagate
   This could not be further from the truth. Coleus is one of the easiest plants to propagate from cuttings. With a simple snip and placement in water or soil, new roots form quickly, making it a reliable choice for gardeners looking to expand their collection without much effort.
4. Coleus Does Not Flower
   While Coleus is prized for its foliage, it does, in fact, produce flowers. The blooms are small, often pale lavender or blue, and grow on upright spikes. However, many gardeners choose to remove these flowers as they appear to keep the plant’s energy focused on vibrant foliage production. This practice has led some to mistakenly believe that Coleus does not flower at all.

Using Coleus in the Garden

Coleus’s bold foliage and unmatched versatility make it a standout choice for both outdoor gardens and indoor spaces. Whether featured as a striking focal point in garden borders or used to bring vibrant color to an indoor display, Coleus provides endless opportunities to elevate garden design. Its adaptability to sun, shade, and container environments makes it one of the most reliable foliage plants available.

Mixed Borders

Coleus is a favorite for mixed garden borders due to its vivid color and contrasting texture. The bright, multi-colored foliage stands out beautifully against shade-loving greenery like ferns, hostas, and heucheras. In sunny borders, sun-tolerant Coleus varieties pair well with ornamental grasses or flowering perennials like coneflowers and black-eyed Susans. This combination creates a visually balanced and dynamic look. The bushy growth habit of Coleus ensures it fills garden beds with lush foliage, providing a rich backdrop for other plants. With its broad palette of colors and leaf patterns, Coleus can complement garden styles ranging from tropical-inspired designs to classic cottage gardens.

Containers and Planters

Coleus is a natural choice for containers and planters, adding structure, texture, and vivid color to patios, balconies, and entryways. Its upright, bushy form serves as an eye-catching centerpiece, while its foliage provides a rich tapestry of colors. For a cascading effect, pair Coleus with trailing plants like sweet potato vine or creeping Jenny. It also pairs well with flowering plants like petunias and impatiens to create multi-layered, color-rich container arrangements. Its adaptability to both sun and shade makes it an excellent option for container gardening in various light conditions, and its compact form allows for creative use in small spaces or tight corners.

Indoor Plants

As a houseplant, Coleus brings bold, year-round color to indoor spaces. Its striking foliage can liven up living rooms, offices, or kitchen windowsills, especially when displayed in decorative pots or hanging baskets. For best results, place Coleus near bright, indirect light to maintain its vibrant leaf color and prevent legginess. Indoors, it pairs well with other tropical plants like pothos, peace lilies, and philodendrons, creating a lush, vibrant display. To add seasonal interest, rotate Coleus varieties to match seasonal decor, using their foliage to complement holiday color schemes or special events. With its colorful leaves and adaptability to indoor conditions, Coleus is a valuable addition to any indoor plant collection.

Experience the Beauty of Coleus

Looking to grow Coleus in your garden? Here at Garden Delivery, we offer top-tier Coleus varieties, known for their stunning foliage and exceptional garden performance. Our plants are grown from premium genetics and sourced from the most reputable suppliers in the horticulture world. We’re dedicated to giving you in-depth information and performance insights, so you can choose the perfect Coleus for your space. Add this bold, colorful foliage plant to your garden today and transform your beds, borders, or containers with vibrant texture and charm!